{"id":23421,"date":"2024-02-10T06:38:09","date_gmt":"2024-02-10T11:38:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/traveling-cook.com\/?page_id=23421"},"modified":"2024-02-10T14:42:58","modified_gmt":"2024-02-10T19:42:58","slug":"the-history-of-tourism-in-ancient-rome","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/traveling-cook.com\/history-travel\/the-history-of-tourism-in-ancient-rome\/","title":{"rendered":"The History of Tourism in Ancient Rome"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
Rome<\/a>\u00a0 –\u00a0 Roman Roads<\/a>\u00a0 – Pont du Gard<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0– \u00a0Roman Sex Festivities<\/a>.\u00a0 – Roman Roads Calculator<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n This is the first part of an investigation of the History of Tourism. The second part, Tourism in the Middle Ages<\/a> <\/strong>can be read here Tourism is a series of trips made for pleasure or for commercial, professional or similar reasons<\/strong>, during which the absence of habitual residence is only temporary. History of Classical Tourism<\/em> in ancient times.\u00a0 See Tourism in Ancient Greece<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n Modern tourism<\/a> was born in the XIX century, as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution, with displacements between distant places, with the main intention of developing leisure, rest, culture, health<\/a>, business or family relations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n These movements are differentiated by their purpose of other types of travel originated\u00a0by wars, migratory movements or conquest<\/strong>. But tourism has many historical antecedents.How was the tourism in ancient time?<\/span> How was the tourism in ancient time?<\/strong><\/span> Tourism and travel in ancient times, short or long distances was an important and dangerous business. It required careful planninMost of the trips were made for religious reasons, war, diplomacy, health reasons or training in schools of scholars. They also go to festivals such as the Olympic Games or the Dionysian Games.<\/span> \u00a0<\/p>\r\n Samsung Store: Galaxy Z Fold4 Series<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n An upper-class Roman citizen might travel to Rome to enjoy the city’s attractions, such as the Colosseum, the Roman Forum, and the Pantheon. He could also visit the thermal baths, theaters and temples.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Middle-class Roman citizens could travel to a coastal city to enjoy the beaches and climate. You could also visit the ruins of ancient Greek and Roman civilizations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n A lower-class Roman citizen might travel to a rural area to enjoy nature and outdoor activities. You could also visit hot springs or spas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n A foreigner could travel to Rome to visit the center of the Roman Empire. You could also visit other major cities, such as Constantinople, Alexandria, and Carthage.<\/span><\/p>\r\n In Ancient Rome <\/b>free men gave great importance to leisure, and devoted it to culture, entertainment,\u00a0religion<\/a>\u00a0and sport. We must remember that all these activities could only be done by free men of the upper class or the Nobles.\u00a0Many slaves were also available at that time<\/strong>.<\/span> Approximately seven slaves for each free man. It is for this reason that\u00a0tourism<\/a>\u00a0was an exclusive activity of wealthy class that moved with servants, slaves and a considerable guard for protection. The\u00a0tourist activity that was not religious.<\/strong><\/span> \u00a0<\/p>\r\n During\u00a0Roman Empire<\/a>, the Romans frequented thermal waters and great spectacles, like the theaters, and the coliseums. They made trips to the Mediterranean coast in the city of\u00a0Pompeii and Herculaneum<\/a>,<\/strong>\u00a0Campania area (near Naples).Also the\u00a0island of Capri<\/a>, where there were summer residences. The Emperor Tiberius had a villa on the island of Capri (today you can visit its ruins). These pleasure trips were possible due to\u00a0Pax Romana<\/strong>, the development of communication routes. They also influenced economic prosperity due to the trade that allowed the creation of an upper class. And of course free time.<\/span><\/p>\r\n During the\u00a0empire (27 BC to 476 AD) begins a period of absolutism in Rome<\/strong>, where the emperor was chosen by the army. With\u00a0Octavio Augusto<\/strong>\u00a0(first emperor) the Pax Romana was achieved, which lasted approximately 200 years. In this epoch is where the\u00a0Roman tourism<\/a>\u00a0had its maxima. The empire was divided into provinces that in turn were divided into\u00a0Municipium and Coloniae.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0It is depending on their legal hierarchy Each territorial division had services for public\u00a0enjoyment and entertainment<\/a>, which were sometimes visited by inhabitants of other territories.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \u00a0 \u00a0 Rome<\/a>\u00a0 –\u00a0 Pont du Gard<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0– \u00a0Roman Sex Festivities<\/a>.\u00a0 – Roman Roads Calculator<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n The Romans built three types of strategic roads (viae): the so-called<\/span><\/p>\r\n Siculus Flacus, <\/strong>Roman Gromaticus<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>(land\u00a0surveyor), in the 1st century, classifies the roads <\/span><\/a>into:<\/span><\/p>\r\n The main roads of the Empire are called viae Praetoriae,<\/strong> viae Militari<\/strong> or viae Consulares<\/strong>. It was the State that was in charge of its construction, but the cities and the owners of the areas crossed by these roads had to guarantee its maintenance<\/strong>. The average found for the width of the public roads was 6 to 12m.<\/span><\/p>\r\n They started from public roads<\/strong> and allowed several Vicus in the same region to be joined together. They were the majority of the routes of the network. The average width of a viae vicinalis was about 13 feet.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n They united the main properties, the villae, with the viae vicinales et publicae. They were private, reserved for the exclusive use of the owner who financed it in its entirety. The average width of a Viae Privata (Private Roads) was 8 to 13 feet<\/em><\/span> The roads were initially used to facilitate the advance or displacement of the Roman legions<\/a>. Of course they were also used for administrative, commercial and tourist purposes.<\/a> The main roads were financed by the State, and the secondary roads were paid for by the affected municipalities. Along the roads, every 20 or 25 Roman miles<\/a>, mansions, resting places and also for changing horses were built.<\/span><\/p>\r\n There are documents that provide data on the existing road network in times of the Roman Empire, the best known is the “Itinerarium Provinciarum Antonini Augusti”, known as the Itinerary of Antonino, from the year 280, of unknown author. It collects the 372 most important roads from Rome<\/strong> to the furthest points of the Empire, recording the existing mansions and the distances between them, totaling about 60,000 Roman miles<\/span> \u00a0<\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n The main construction group was made up of the works Manager (Curator Operis)<\/strong>, the Contractor, (Maceps)<\/strong>, the Engineer, (Architectus)<\/strong>, the Specialized workers (Cementarius)<\/strong> and the Bricklayers, (Structures).<\/strong><\/span> To level the land they used excavation tools. They cut two parallel furrows with an Aratrum (Plow)<\/strong> 40 feet apart; These furrows were the Fossae (ditches)<\/strong> and they allowed to know the conditions of the subsoil. If it was not adequate, it was replaced or repaired, or wooden piles were driven into it.<\/span> Once the bottom was consolidated, a layer of sand 0.5 feet thick called Pavimentum<\/strong><\/a> was added in which the stones of the Statumen<\/strong> were embedded with a thickness that varied depending on the state of the soil from one to two feet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n The agglomeration of the stones was done with lime or clay. After the statumen, a second layer<\/a> called Rudus<\/strong> was placed. This layer used to be almost a foot thick and was composed of pebbles or small stones, plastered with lime mortar and compacted with the pavicula or rammer.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \u00a0 The third layer was the so-called Nucleus,<\/strong> which consisted of gravel concrete and slaked lime. It was consolidated with a roller, (Cylindrus)<\/strong>, and its thickness varied from the ends of 1 foot to 1.5 feet. The next layer was the Summa Crusta<\/strong> or Summun Dorsum<\/strong>. This layer was placed on top of the previous one before it set. The cape could be made with blocks of polygonal stones with regular or irregular shape, (Opus Incertum<\/strong>). In other cases the layer was made of concrete with shale blocks placed on edge or simply gravel. The total thickness of the roadway was 3 to 5 feet and its width between ditches was 4 feet.<\/span><\/p>\r\n It also had lateral edges 1.5 feet high and 2 feet wide supported by the statumen<\/strong>, on which the Centurion (infantry officer) walked. From time to time, stones called Gradus<\/strong> <\/em>were placed on the road, which was a pedestal that was used to climb on horseback. There were also stones called miliarii, milestones, which marked the distance every thousand Roman steps,<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n When necessary, bridges were built and tunnels dug for the continuation of the road. In that case, more sophisticated tools were used such as Roman wheel cranes<\/a> that lifted up to two tons. This type of crane was used in the Middle Ages<\/a> and even some cranes survived until the 19th century. Here you can find information about the Roman wheel cranes in Germany<\/a>, France<\/a> and England<\/a>, which can be seen today<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/span> \u00a0
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<\/a>Tourism in Ancient Rome: Historic Evolution of Tourism<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
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Examples of Tourism in ancient Rome, according to social class<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
Traveling in ancient times: Slaves & Tourism<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
<\/a>What was it like to travel in the Roman Empire?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
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\r\nTravel in Ancient Rome:\u00a0A Bit of Roman History<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n
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The Roads in the Ancient Roman Empire<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
How were the Roads Built in Ancient Rome?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
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Viae publicae – Public Roads<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
What were the Viae publicae (Public Roads) in Ancient Rome?<\/span><\/h3>\r\n
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Viae Vicinales – Neighborhood Roads<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
What were the Viae Vicinales (Neighborhood Roads) in Ancient Rome?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n
Viae privataes, Rusticae, Agrariae – Private Roads<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
What were the Viae privataes (Private Roads) in Ancient Rome?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n
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How Were The Roman Roads Built?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
The Stones – Built Roads in Ancient Rome<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
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Bridges & Tunnels<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
That it was a Roman Mile?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n