Medieval Treadwheel Crane in Cathedral of Strasbourg
We visited the Cathedral of Strasbourg
The Cathedral of Strasbourg was the first cathedral of Germany (or Kingdom of Germania). Until the arrival of Louis XIV in 1681 and his minister of the war, the Marquess of Louvois that camped in the environs of Strasbourg and forced their submission to the French monarchy the 30 of September of 1681.
Medieval Treadwheel Crane in the Cathedral of strasbourg Walking paths
The Cathedral was delivered by the same Luis XIV The head of the Catholic bishopric of Strasbourg, Egon de Furstenberg. Absent from the city for almost 150 years, that way ended the period as an independent city.
We arrived at the Adolfo Suarez Airport ( Madrid) in a fligth of IBERIA, and took the Metro of Madrid (you can also take the commuter train with combinations) and arrived at the Sol station. We arrived at the hotel (3 blocks away) and then we prepared to walk the city.
Madrid in Three Days: First Day
In Madrid There is a very old chocolate shop near there. A classic in Madrid.The Chocolateria San Gines. There you can order the classic chocolate with churros. a delight
On the second day we took a boat Vaporetto in San Marcos square. Previously we acquired a full day ticket that includes all the routes throughout the day. Our destination is the islands of Murano and Burano
The Saxon Switzerland National Park (Nationalpark Sächsische Schweiz) is southeast of Dresden, and is part of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains, up to the Czech Republic. The surface you are protected is 38,000 hectares of rock formations in the form of towers, originated by the Elbe River, which travelers who make the journey Dresden – Prague can see and be amazed
Kurort Rathen Bastei Germany
The Saxon Switzerland (Sächsische Schweiz), also known as the Elbsandstein hill (Elbsandsteingebirge), is located in the easternmost part of the federal state of Saxony that borders the Czech Republic. On the other side of the border the mountain of the Elbsandstein continues and bears the name of Switzerland Bohemia (Ceske Svycarsko).
The Roman Empire invested a lot of time, effort and money developing new cranes for the construction of their buildings, bridges and especially aqueducts. They took the Greek’s crane as a model and improved it.
Tripastos in Ancient Roman Empire
In fact, the simplest Roman crane was the Tripastos. It consisted of a single beam jib, a lathe, a rope, and a block containing three pulleys. By maintaining a multiplication ratio of 3 to 1, a single crane operator could raise 300 lbs.
Pentaspastos
A more advanced type of crane was the Pentaspastos which had five pulleys. Moreover and even more sophisticated than the Pentaspastos, was the Polyspastos, which had 15 pulleys and up to four masts with a ratio of 60 to 1.
The Polyspastos, indeed, had four operators per side of the lathe, and it could have a maximum load lifting capacity of 6000 pounds accounting for the maximal effort per operator of 100 pounds each. In case the winch was replaced by a drum, it would double its capacity to 12000 lbs.
However some buildings contained stone’s blocks of more than 100,000 lbs. How could they lift these loads more than 30 yards high?
Roman Empire Engineers. Crane & Hoist
The Roman engineers managed to raise these weights using a diversity of winches. Although winches have a lower multiplication factor of forces than those driven by drums, Romans could have installed more quantity of winches operated by men or even animals. This kind operation a great coordination was required between the working groups that operated the capstans.
The cranes were almost always operated by slaves who were designed for these industrial jobs. In fact, they were assigned in the so-called squads which had a technical head, the praepositus.
Marco Vitruvio Polión : Roman Crane & Hoist Architect
(in latín Marcus Vitruvius Pollio; c. -70 BC. -15 BC )
Marco Vitruvio was the author of a book, known today as The Ten Books of Architecture, a treatise written in Latin and ancient Greek about Architecture. It was dedicated to the Emperor Augustus.
Ancient Roman Crane engineers
In this book he describes different types machines such as forklifts, cranes and pulleys used for engineering structures. It also contained descriptions of war machines like catapults, crossbows and siege machines.
As he was an engineer, Vitruvio was not only doing a description of the machines itself but he might probably have built and tested them.
Roman Cranes = Medieval Treadwheel Cranes
The Roman crane ( treadwheel crane) almost unchanged or modified will be used until the modern age and in some cases until the mid-nineteenth century as in the ports of Germany. Some are still today in their original places of construction. As an example we will put the Cathedral of Strasbourg (France) and the Church Beverley Minster (England)
Roman Crane: Vitruvius the ten books on architecture on Amazon
I’m going to tell you my lovely days in Lisbon, which was the capital of an empire. All lisboa remembers his glorious padado. Like when sailors came out to discover and conquer lands on the other side of the world.
You see old faded tiles on their facades. Peeling walls and stone streets lined with old trams. No great luxuries or European stores are sought in this city, although they do. What is sought and found is a melancholic beauty, art, imperfection and the charm of the people.
My Lovely Days in Lisbon – Tram 28
Portugal is fashionable.
Last year it was awarded for the second time as Europe’s Best Destination in the World Travel Awards (WTA) They are prizes of the world tourism industry. And Lisbon turned out to be the Best City in Europe and the Best Cruise Port.
Travel planning can be especially stressful for people with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or other health conditions that require oxygen therapy. The following steps can be helpful with the process:
Call your local oxygen supplier one to two weeks in advance to arrange for your oxygen supply while you are traveling. Your needs will vary according to your mode of transportation and length of stay at your destination.
If traveling by air, book far in advance because airlines allow only a limited number of people traveling with oxygen per flight.
Take antiseptic hand-washing packets or gel to help avoid picking up bacterial or viral infections. Also wash hands with soap and water frequently.
If you are traveling to an area of high altitude, plan ahead for an oxygen supply at your destination.
Saint Moritz – Switzerland: Meadows, Snow and Mountains
Saint Moritz (Sank Moritz) , located in the south-east of Switzerland, in the region known as Upper Engadine ,. The site is known worldwide for the celebration here of two winter games: 1928 and 1948.
Sankt Moritz (St. Moritz) was mentioned for the first time in the 12th century. It was a village that was formed around springs, which according to beliefs of the time had healing powers. The village is named after Saint Maurice, who according to legend was a martyred Christian in Roman Switzerland.
Venice is exceeded by tourists. They arrive by thousands every day and not everyone knows how to behave. If you travel to Venice we recommend you follow these tips to avoid inconveniences and enjoy that wonderful and historic city
In April 2017, the Ministry of Interior of Italy put into effect a so-called “Daspo Urban” law. This law allows police forces to restrict access in certain areas of the localities to individuals considered a possible threat to public order, morals or public decency. This is without necessity without the need for evidence of crime. This applies to vagabonds, but it also began to be applied to tourists within certain areas. Article 9 of the decree establishes a monetary penalty of 100 to 300 euros and an expulsion order from the place where the heho occurred and against any person. This expulsion can be for 48 hours and the recidivism reaches much higher penalties.
Traveling & Falling in Love with Venice from The First Day
Venice is a city where it is impossible not to fall in love. The whole city is charming, its monuments, buildings, streets and canals filled with the Venetian soul. We’re going to tour venice in two.
We know that there is very little time for this amazing city, but we will try it with the most charming and stylish places
We arrived on the night train Thello to the station of Venice santa lucia from Paris. The station is located in front of the Grand Canal. We took a public transport boat that left us in front of the wooden bridge of the Academy (Ponte della Accademia). Just before arriving we went through the Rialto bridge, the most famous in Venice. Luckily the hotel was very close.
We left the Offenburg station in Germany and took a local train, which was more like a tram than a train. After a journey of only 25 minutes we arrived at the train station in Strasbourg. Then the journey began.
First day
After leaving the luggage at the hotel we went on foot to the area called Pettite France. This is a charming area, full of canals and flowers. You can see an old fortified river port where there are deposits, watchtowers, cranes, accommodation for cannons and many more things from the sixteenth and seventeenth century. The houses are germanic style of the Bavaria area.
