Collectible Coins: American Revolutionary Coins Countermarked in Philippines

American Revolutionary Coins Countermarked in Philippines 

A collaboration of Marty Martinez

The circulation of the Philippines at the time of Spanish domination consisted of coin minted in other regions, mainly Potosi, Peru and Mexico, with the same denominations as in the rest of the colonies.

From the independence of the American colonies, there was a retraction in the circulating in this zone. For this reason should have appealed to a very curious policy: the reselling of currencies. Potosí, Peru and Mexico were alternated several times by Independents and Spaniards between 1810 and 1828.

1866

2 Pesos Isabel the Second by the Grace of God

1866 2 Pesos Isabel the Second by the Grace of God Philippine Resealed Coin

As a result, the independentist minted their own currencies (Potosi: Bolivia and Argentina), Lima (Peru) and Mexico. Apparently when the Spaniards occupied these places again, they also appropriated the new mints, some of which were sent to the Philippines by the Pacific route.  Thus, circulated from 1828 Peruvian independence coins, Mexican and Bolivian in Philippine, with the Spanish denominations.

Circulated coins,  were also circulated after 1828, which for different reasons, arrived on the island. It should be noted that the Spanish monetary system at that time was adopted by all American countries (including the United States and Canada). Also some countries of Africa, and it meant what today is the dollar-USA monetary system. Denominations of the currencies of the new countries were also made in Reals.

Peruvian Republic - Lima

Coins Resealed. by Fernando VII for its circulation in Manila (8 reales). resealed of 1828 on 8 reales of the Peruvian Republic, Lima, 1828, assayer JM

Republic of Peru - Coins Countermarked Philippines
Republic of Peru - Coins Countermarked Philippines

Republic of Chile

 Chile Republic : Over 1 Peso  1834. Resealed by Fernando VII in Manila for its circulation in the Philippines (1834-7).

Republic of Chile- Philippine Resealed Coin
Republic of Chile- Philippine Resealed Coin


Republic of Peru - Lima

Philippine Currency 1833. Columns resealed. Republic of Peru. 8 reales. Lima. 1833.  Resealed by Fernando VII in Manila for circulation in the Philippines (1832-4) assayer M

Republic of Peru - Philippine Resealed Coin
Republic of Peru - Philippine Resealed Coin


 

1834. Republic of Peru - Philippine Resealed Coin Under Crown, eal de a 8 de Perú 1834, Lima MM. MBC
1834. Republic of Peru - Philippine Resealed Coin Under Crown, eal de a 8 de Perú 1834, Lima MM. MBC

 


Bolivian Republic - Potosi

Bolivian Republic. 8 soles. Potosí. 1833. LM. Resealed by Fernando VII in Manila for circulation in the Philippines (1832-4)

Assayer LM

Republic of Bolivia - Coins Countermarked Philippines

 

Republic of Mexico - Guanajuato

Coins Countermarked Philippines: Republic of Mexico. 8 reales. Guanajuato. 1830. MJ. Researched by Fernando VII in Manila for circulation in the Philippines (1834-7). Assayer MJ

Mexican republic - Philippine Resealed Coin
Mexican Republic - Philippine Resealed Coin


 

Republic of Mexico - Durango

 Republic of Mexico. 8 reales. 1828. On an 8 reales of Durango of 1828. Resealed by Fernando VII in Manila for its circulation in the Philippines (1834-7).

Republic of Mexico Durando - Coins Countermarked Philippines
Republic of Mexico - Coins Countermarked Philippines


See another resealed coins: Museu  Nacional D´Art de Catalunya

From 1810….

From 1810 the independentistas minted coins with types clearly differentiated from the Spaniards. As the American currencies of all securities circulated through the territory of the Philippines, the authorities realized the negative effect that these currencies could have there. Therefore, on October 13, 1828, the Captaincy General decreed that all coins should be resold with the following type:

On the obverse, the coat of arms of Spain with the legend; ENABLED BY KING N. S. D. FERN. Vii.

On the reverse, MANILA with the corresponding year that is almost always 1828.

see: Numismatic: Argentine Ancient Coins 1813-1860

Design of Coins - Assayers

Design was completed with a series of grooves engraved.  on the obverse die that in principle would erase any trace of Republican legend. This was not so, this first type is known as type I and the same were coined the year 1828 and the very rare of 1830. From the year 1829 we know a 8 escudos.

The reverse remained the same but from the obverse disappeared any legend or drawing leaving only the coat of arms. Dr. Pablo I. de Jesus de Manila has written a study on this series for which he has found about 400 different copies.

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Clearing the Revolutionary - Coins Countermarked Philippines

Past On October 13, 1828, D. Mariano Ricafort, Captain General of the Philippine Islands, a division of the Viceroyalty of Mexico, issued an edict introducing a system of marking the weights and ounces of gold produced by the “insurrect provinces and revolutionary governments “Of the South American continent. Thus, infamous words, such as “Republic”, “Independent” and “Free”, were eliminated.

The heavy machinery of the mint smoothed the designs of the offending coins and attempted to eliminate any trace of the original coin by minting “Manila -1829” on one side and the Spanish coat of arms on the other, with the legend “Enabled by King N.S.D. Fernando VII “and surrounded both wedges by a wide sawed edge.

Medal Carlos III  1782 

José Gabriel Gil  Assayer

Carlos III of Spain - Philippine Resealed Coin
Carlos III of Spain Medal

Local authorities clung to the hope that with these methods they could prevent the spread of the announcement of “Union and Freedom” carried out nineteen years earlier by the rebel provinces of Río de la Plata.

  • “Union y Fuerza”, proclaimed ten years before By “Independence of Chile,” issued thirteen years earlier by Nueva Granada.
  • “Por la Virtud y la Justicia,” proclaimed a decade earlier by Peru,.
  • “Libre, Cresca, Fecundo” spread by the Central American Republic ( Guatemala ) only eight years ago , And the even more recent declaration of sovereignty of Bolivia “Libres por la Constitucion”.

Coins Countermarked Philippines: Circulation only in Phlipines

These coins did not circulate in Spain,  and they did until its replacement by a currency of the Kingdom that is shown below. The mint of Manila only coined throughout its history copper (between 1728 and 1835 and the year 1861). Because this weight, in quantity of six million pieces and with types equal to the hard ones of Puerto Rico of 1895, was carved in Madrid, and transported to the Philippines where it circulated until in 1904 it was withdrawn from circulation by the American authorities.

1861 - Inauguration of Manila's Mint House - Philipines

 1861 Isabel 2a Queen of Spain. Medal


With Alfonso XIII the last pieces destined to Ultramar are minted with the values ​​of 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents of weight. In addition, the so-called “alfonsino weight” is emitted in two issues, one of 1897 destined to circulate in the Philippines and another one of 1895 to circulate in Puerto Rico.

The latter had a divider of 40 cents. The “alfonsino weight” is equivalent to the 5 pesetas  of the Metropolis. Alfonso XIII was king of Spain between 1886 and 1931, dying in the Roman exile in 1941.

Spain – Coined Manila. 50 cents in weight. 1868 Isabel 2a instead of II, Queen of Spain. Coins Countermarked Philippines

Coins Countermarked Philippines


Philipine Coin Manila 50 Cents 1880 - Alfonso XII 

Spain – Coined Manila. 50 cents in weight. 1880. Alfonso XII King of Spain. Coins Countermarked PhilippinesCoins Countermarked Philippines

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Alfonso XII  – Coined Manila 20 Cents 1885

Spain – Coined Manila 20 Cents in weight. 1885. SGV (Arturo Sandoval and Antonio García González, assayers, Remigio Vega Vega, judge of Balance). Coins Countermarked Philippines

Philippine Resealed Coin

GUAM - 1899 Philippine Resealed Coin

In the year 1899, to leave testimony of the occupation of the island, the admiral of the fleet American F. V. Green used a countermark on Philippine island weights that contained the word "GUAM" and the year of occupation

GUAM - Coins Countermarked Philippines
GUAM - Coins Countermarked Philippines

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The Modern City of Bilbao 

Walking Bilbao: It is a county located in the north of Spain The town of Bilbao is the capital with more than 340,000 inhabitants and is the most populated city of the autonomous community that extends along the estuary of Bilbao or the Nervión. The city is surrounded by two mountain ranges with an altitude that does not exceed 500 meters. It was founded at the end of the 13th century. This is a guide to tour Bilbao in two days

We arrived from Madrid by air to the Bilbao airport. To go to the city center, if you do not choose the taxi, the bus is the best option. We take the Bizkaibus A3247, which costs 1.45 Euros and you can buy it in the same Bus. The bus takes about 30 minutes to go from the airport to Bilbao Termibus. 

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Walking Bilbao: First Day

Museum Guggenheim

Museum Guggenheim

In the northern sector of the estuary we find the Guggenheim Museum. Avant-garde building designed architect Frank Gehry, often said to look like a whale without a head or tail. The entrance to the museum is the dog statue called Puppy, covered with flowers. In the back of the museum, next to the La Salve Bridge, we walked between the legs of a gigantic bronze spider.

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Near the museum is the Doña Casilda park, a relaxed place to take a walk. Opposite is the University of Deusto, inaugurated in 1886, of neoclassical style.

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Inside the Guggenheim Museum, there is a collection of modern and contemporary art that is one of the best in Europe. We recommend going in the morning to avoid the agglomerations of people.

City Council of Bilbao

After leaving the Museum, we pass by the Calatrava Bridge and continue on foot for 20 minutes until we reach Bilbao City Hall. It is an eclectic construction, with a mixture of neoclassical styles and baroque details. You can enter and see an Arab style room, decorated with tiles and golden arches that remind us of Muslim palaces

The Old Town of Bilbao

Near the town hall of Bilbao we will know the oldest part of the city. Following the river on Pasealekua Street, about nine blocks away, we will see the Arriaga Theater. It is a Baroque building with a convex facade that reminds us of the exterior of the Garnier Palace in Paris. We recommend visiting it to appreciate the luxury and good taste of its interior.

The Old Town of Bilbao - Walking Bilbao

Leaving the theater we will find the old town of Bilbao also called seven streets. This is the oldest neighborhood and the original nucleus of the city of Bilbao. In this neighborhood are the Cathedral of Santiago and the churches of San Antón and San Nicolás.

We can also appreciate old buildings such as the Cafe Bar Bilbao, which is one of the oldest coffee shops in Bilbao. We can also visit the Basque Museum in Bilbao, which is located in the Plaza Miguel de Unamuno. This Museum that tells Basque history is in a 19th century building, which is a work of art in itself.

Walking Bilbao: Second Day

The Cathedral of Bilbao

On the second day we started with the Cathedral of Santiago. It is a Gothic church that is located in the center of the old city and is dedicated to the Apostle Santiago, protector of the city. Very recently, it was restored and its entry is free, at any time, except during religious service hours.

After visiting the cathedral, we walked along the riverbank to visit another religious building in the city. It is about the church of San Antón, built at the beginning of the 15th century. Its style is eclectic being the Gothic the predominant one with Renaissance details in its main door and Baroque bell tower. The main door reminds us of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris or the Strasbourg Cathedral. Both in France

The Cathedral of Bilbao - Walking Bilbao

Euskalduna Palace

This Palace, also called Congreso de la Música, is a tribute to the Bilbao shipyards. It represents a ship stranded in the estuary. Inside it is one of the most important congress venues in Europe. It is built in the same place as the old Eskalduna Shipyards.

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Portugalete  & The Hanging Bridge

Portugalete  & The Hanging Bridge - Walking Bilbao

We propose to visit Portugalete (see below how to get there from Bilbao), not only to visit the Bizkaia Bridge (or Hanging Bridge) but also the city. It was the first ferry bridge in the world and was manufactured to move passengers from one bank to the other in a mechanized way (between banks 160m). Opened in 1893, it connects the towns of Portugalete and Getxo.

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The bridge is composed of a gondola that hangs from steel cables from a 63-meter-high steel structure over the Nervión River. In about 92 seconds, the gondola carries 6 cars and 200 people

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Travel Spray Bottles - Aerosol cans on planes checked baggage - TSA liquid rules 2021

Walking Bilbao: Getxo

Crossing the Nervion by the Hanging Bridge, you can access the right bank, where nineteenth and early twentieth century palaces are located. This was the golden age of the city of Getxo when the shipyards were fully operational. You can see the 20 mansions of Getxo in a self-guided visit.

You can also visit these places

  • Cliffs of the Galea, panoramic view.
  • Molino de Aixerrota (1726), the last one that worked in Bizkaia. (They are not similar to the Dutch mills)
  • Fort of the Galea or the Prince, from 1740 (in Ruins)
  • Faro de la Galea, a good place to end the trip, seeing how the sun sinks and goes out in the Bay of Biscay.

How to get to Portugalete

BY BUS

  • A3152 Bilbao-Portugalete (by highway)
  • A3115 Bilbao-Santurtzi
  • A3321 Portugalete-La Arena- Muskiz (Pilgrims)
  • Bizkaibus TEL .: 902 22 22 65 www.bizkaibus.net

BY TRAIN

  • RENFE Bilbao Station (Bilbao ► Santurtzi),

BY SUBWAY

  • METRO Bilbao. Line 2. Bilbao / Portugalete / Santurtzi

Walking Bilbao: Transport Airport to City: Bizkaibus A3247 timetable: from 5.50 AM to 21.45 PM

 

Info

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  2. RENFE
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